California is a state located on the west coast of the United States. These are a virtually all thickly settled state in the U.S., besides when physically a virtually all diverse, by having a greatest & a last-place points in the lower berth 48 states placed inside 150 miles of both more. Whenever California were an independent united states, it would use at times a fifth big economy in the world (watch economy of California). A state's official nickname is "The Golden State" inside information to California's 1849 Gold Rush. California's U.S. postal abbreviation is CA, and its Associated Press abbreviation is Calif.

When one of a virtually all demographically diverse states around a united states, California occurs when dominant inflict in U.s. culture too as the united states's economy. Additionally to paying somewhat other to the federal formulas than it receives inside rewards, it has occasionally of the united states's big cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco.

A entire area originally called California was composed of the Mexican peninsula today called Baja California and much of the land in the todays states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Wyoming, known as Alta California. Within these early days, a boundaries of the Sea of Cortez & the Pacific coast were merely partly explored and California was shown in early maps as an island. A title comes from either Las sergas diamond state Esplandián (Escapade of Splandian), the 16th century novel, by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, where there exists an island paradise known as California. (For farther discussion, understand: Origin of the name California.)

History

A number 1 European to explore area of a coast was the Portuguese João Rodrigues Cabrilho in 1542. A number one to choose a entire coast & claim possession of it was Francis Drake in 1579. Beginning in the late 1700s, Spanish missionaries install diminutive settlements in tremendous grants of land in the huge territory n of Baja California. the missions played a dominant role in the decimation of California's endemic people. Upon Mexican independence from either Spain, a chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government, & it were quickly dissolved & abandoned.

Within 1846, at the commencement of the Mexican-American War, the California Republic was founded and a Bear Flag was flown, which featured a golden bear and a star. the Republic come to a sudden prevent, even so, after Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into San Francisco Bay and claimed California for the United States. As a consequence a war, a vicinity was divided between Mexico and the United States. A Mexican part, Baja (moo) California was late divided into a states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. A american a share of the U.S. part, Alta (upper) California, was to get a state of California.

Within 1848, a Spanish-speaking people of distant upper California numbered in the area of 4,000. However fallowing gold was found, a people burgeoned by using Americans & two or three Europeans in the peachy California gold rush. Within 1850, the state was admitted to the Union of the USA.

When you took a American Civil War, popular support around California was divided 70% for the South & 30% for the Northward, & although California officially entered unofficially of the Northward, several troops went east to fight for the Confederacy CSA.

At a start, travel between the far Pacific West to the eastern people centers was instance-ingesting & unsafe, requiring either yearn ocean voyages, or even hard transcontinental passages. The supplementary straight connection come inside 1869 with the completion of the first transcontinental railroad. Fallowing this rail hyperlink was established, hundreds of thousands of Americans come west, in which freshly Californians were discovering that l& in a state, whenever irrigated when you took the prohibitionist summertime months, was super swell suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture generally. Citrus, oranges particularly, was widely grown, & a foundation was placed for the state's prodigious farming production of now.

In a period from either either 1900 to 1965 a people grew from fewer than of these million to be the virtually all thickly settled state in the Union. From either 1965 to a present, a people demographic changed radically & became one of the virtually all diverse in the globe. a state is typically liberal-leaning, technologically & unfeeling discernment, & a globe center of engineering businesses, the film & television industry &, when mentioned above, U.s. agrarian production.

Law and government

California is governed as a republic, with triad branches of government, the executive branch consisting of the Governor of California and a more independently elective constitutional officers, the legislative branch consisting of the Assembly and Senate, and a judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts. A state as well allows directly participation of the electorate by referendum, recall, and ratification.

A Governor of California & the more state constitutional officers help foursome-season terms and can be re-elected merely another time. A California State Legislature consists of a Xl member Senate and 80 member Assembly. Senators help foursome season terms & Assembly members 2. A terms of a Senators come staggered then that half the membership is elected each both years. A Senators representing a odd-numbered territorial dominion come elected inside years evenly divisible by quaternity, we.e., presidential election years. A Senators from either a possibly-numbered territorial dominion come elected in the intervening potentially-numbered years, in the gubernatorial election period. California's law-makers is organized around such how else that a persin caucus leaders wield power & may ordinarily speak on behalf of their caucuses. Numbers of crucial legislative decisions come so non processed on the floor of the general assembly however around back-room deals per "Big Five", which comprises a governor & a Democratic & Republican leaders of every chamber.

For the 2005–2006 session, there are 48 Democrats and 32 Republicans in the Assembly. In the Senate, there are Twenty-five Democrats & Fifteen Republicans. A todays Governor is the Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, whose current term lives across January 2007. Schwarzenegger was just the 2nd individual in the history of the United States to exist as put into professional by a recall of a seated governor (a 1st was a 1921 recall of North Dakota Governor Lynn J. Frazier). Schwarzenegger replaced Governor Gray Davis (1999–2003), who was flushed from either professional per October 2003 California recall election.

A state's capital is Sacramento. In the period of California's early history under European control, a capital was in turn located in Monterey (1775–1849), San Jose (1849–1851), Vallejo (1852–1853), Benicia (1853–1854), and San Francisco (1862). A capital moved to Sacramento temporarily within 1852 when construction on the State Home may not become completed eventually around Vallejo. A capital's final move to Sacramento get on February 25, 1854 where it has been permanently, except for the quaternary-year irregular move around 1862 to San Francisco, due to severe around flood in Sacramento.

California's jumbo judiciary is a largest in the United States (with the amount of 1,600 judges, when the federal technique has just astir 840). These are supervised per vii Justices of the Supreme Court of California. Justices of the Supreme Court & Courts of Appeal come appointed per Governor, however come subject to retention per electorate each Xii years. Judges of a test courts, a Superior even Courts around both county, can be appointed per Governor or elected directly per elector, based in once the vacancy occurs. Superior Court judges help sestet-season terms, when which it could run re-election. Unlike a retention elections for Supreme Court & Court of Appeal justices, Superior Court judges begin re-election around open races, where more certified candidates will run when rival.

California's legal rules is explicitly according to English common law but carries a few features from either Spanish civil law.

At a national level, California is represented by ii senators & 53 representatives, when of 2005. It has 55 electoral votes in the U.S. Electoral College. (When California is a virtually all thickly settled state in the Union, its numbers of Congressmen & Presidential Electors come, course, as well the largest.) The two U.S. Senators from California are Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer. 33 Democrats & Xx Republicans represent a state in the U.S. House of Representatives.

When California is among a virtually all Democratic & liberal states around a united states because of a big concentration of elector in thickly settled areas, tremendously of California is politically super conservative, notably the Central Valley, the Inl& Empire, Orange & San Diego counties, & virtually all inland, eastern, and rural areas. Popular bastions come mostly coastal & include a entire San Francisco Bay Locality, Los Angeles, Salinas, Santa Barbara, & Imperial County. A state has supported Democrats in the endure quaternion presidential elections. Around 2004, Republican President George W. Bush received a majority of votes in more than half the state's 58 counties, but still lost California's 55 electoral votes to John Kerry, who won 54.3% of the popular vote, by a margin of 10 percentage points.

Look at as well: List of California Governors, U.S. Congressional Delegations from California, List of California counties, List of California ballot propositions

Geography

California borders a Pacific Ocean, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, and a Mexican state of Baja California. A state has strikingly beautiful natural features, including an expansive central vale, tall mountains, hot deserts, & hundreds of miles of scenic coastline. Sustaining an locality of 411,000 km² it is the third largest state in the U.S and larger than Germany in size. Virtually all major cities cling to a cool sea-coast along the Pacific, notably Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Ana/Orange County, and San Diego. Still, a capital, Sacramento is in the Central Valley.

California has highly varied geographics. In the center of the state lies the Central Valley, a immense, fertile valley bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the granite Sierra Nevada to the east, the volcanic Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. Mountain-fed rivers, dams, and canals provide h2o to irrigate a Central Valley. By owning dredging, many one lakes st& get sufficiently big and deep that many inland cities, notably Stockton, California, are seaports. A hot, fertile Central Valley is California's agrarian heartl& and grows the big part of Us's food, however touching freezing temperatures are non rare when you took wintertime which every now and again kill portions of crops. A bottom a portion of a vale, which is a portion desert, is referred to as a San Joaquin Valley when a upper half is referred to as the Sacramento Valley.

around a center & east of a state come the Sierra Nevada (meaning Snowy Range in Spanish), containing the greatest peak in the contiguous lower berth 48 states, Mount Whitney, at 14,505 feet (4421 m). Besides situated in the Sierra come the world illustrious Yosemite National Park and a deep freshwater flow of any stream, Lake Tahoe, the big flow of any stream in the state by volume. To the east of the Sierra come Owens Valley and Mono Lake, an essential seabird habitat. To the west is Clear Lake, California's largest freshwater flow of any stream by region. A Sierra Nevada receives arctic temperatures in a wintertime & holds many twelve little glaciers, including the virtually all southern glacier in the United States (Palisade Glacier).

California has all about 35% of its aggregate expanse covered by forests. California's diversity of pine metal money is unmatched by any more state. Though further states have a higher percentage of their land area covered by forests, within terms of sum acreage, California contains more forestland than any more state except Alaska. Virtually all of the outdoors is uncovered around Ii stores. Number one, in a northamerican a portion of the state & along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. Little forests, chiefly consisting of oaks, may be obtained along a coast mountains of California nigher to the coast, & too in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Little areas of pine forests may be noticed in the San Gabriel & San Bernardino mountains of Southern California & likewise in the mountain areas of Central San Diego United states.

Deserts around California produce higher just about 25% of the aggregate expanse. To a south lie the Transverse Ranges and a big salt flow of any stream, a Salton Sea. A south-central desert is known as a Mojave. To the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the moo, hottest point around North America. A moo point of Demise Valley & a peak of Mount Whitney come less than 200 miles apart. A hike trek between them points has been attempted, many days, virtually all notably by Lee Bergthold. Indeed, most 100% of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, sustaining a Coachella Valley habitually getting extreme hotness in a period of the summertime.

Eventually, ahanker the densely-populated however long California coast lie a total of major metropolitan areas, including San Francisco Bay, Los Angeles, & San Diego. Climates touching a Pacific Ocean come remarkably centrist likened by using inland climates. Winter temperatures never email freezing (snow is unheard of) & summertime temperatures seldom email above a high Lxxx's Fahrenheit.

California is illustrious for its earthquakes, due partly to the presence of the San Andreas Fault. When supplementary mighty earthquakes inside the United States stand occurred in Alaska and along the Mississippi River, California earthquakes are notable inside their frequency & location in extremely urban area. the few humans imagine, at length, a vast earthquake may effect in a splitting of coastal California from either the continent, either to sink into the ocean or even form a newly landmass. the fact that this scenario is entirely farfetched from either a geological st& doesn't lessen its acceptance publicly conventional wisdom, or even its exploitation per producers of science fiction and fantasy media. Notable picture where a imaginable destruction of lot of California by an earthquake includes a titles Earthquake, A View to a Kill, Escape from L.A. and Superman.

California is too at home to many volcanoes, some active like Mammoth Mountain. More volcanoes include Lassen Peak, which erupted from 1914 & 1921, & Mount Shasta.

Climate
Different regions of California st& super different climates, based in their latitude, elevation, and proximity to the coast. Virtually all of the state has the Mediterranean climate, with showery winters and dry summers. A influence of a ocean typically moderates temperature extremes, creating cooler summers & heater winters, & a cold pelagic California Todays offshore typically creates summertime fog touching the coast. When of these moves out of a coast, a climate becomes additional continental, with hotter summers & colder winters. Westerly winds from either a ocean likewise bring wet, & a northern area of a state typically receive higher rain than the south. California's range of mountains influence a climate too: wet-laden air from either a west cools when it ascends a mountains, dropping moisture; occasionally of the showery area of the state come west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern Californithe has a temperate climate with rainfall of 15–40 inches (400–1000 millimetre) by the season. a Central vale has a Mediterranean climate, however sustaining greater temperature extremes than the coastal areas; area of the valley come typically filled by using heavy fog, similar thereto obtained in the coastal vale. A high mountains, including a Sierra Nevada, have a mountain climate with snow within winter & modest to moderate heat in summertime.

On the east side of the mountains occurs as drier "rain shadow." California's desert climate regions lie east of the high Sierra Nevada and southern California's Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges. A moo deserts east of a southern California mountains, including a Imperial & Coachella vale & the moo Colorado River, are a share of the Sonoran Desert, with hot summers & modest winters; a higher elevation deserts of eastern California, including the Mojave Desert, Owens Valley, and a Modoc Plateau, are section of the Great Basin region, with hot summers & cold winters.

Death Valley, in the northern portion of the Mojave Desert on the east side of the state, is the hottest spot on the Western Hemisphere, with high temperatures all over Great hundred °F most common in the summertime. A heat in the American Hemisphere, 134 °F (56.Sixer °C), was recorded within Demise Valley in July 10, 1913. Temperatures of 130 °F or even higher develop been recorded when recently when 2005.

Ecology

Ecologically, California is one of a richest & virtually all diverse area of the globe, & includes a select few of the virtually all endangered ecological communities. California's diverse geographics, geology, soils & climate develop generated the wow diversity of plant & sensual life. A State of California is a share of the Nearctic ecozone, and spans the total of terrestrial ecoregions, and is possibly a virtually all ecologically diverse state in the United States.

Californithe has a like high percentage of endemic species. California endemics include relict coinage that keep around died out elsewhere, including a redwoods & a Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus). Numbers of more endemics originated across differentiation or even adaptive radiation, whereby multiple species acquire from either the most common ascendant to require benefit of diverse ecological conditions. California's swell abundance of mintage of California lavender (Ceanothus) is an example of adaptative radiation. Numerous California endemics develop be endangered, when urbanizatiin, logging, overgrazing, & a introduction of exotic mintage keep around encroached on their home ground. Furthermore, California is personal to a big trees in the globe, the Giant Sequoias.

California's native grasses were perennials, which stayed green year-year-around within virtually all of the state's subclimates

Economy

California is responsible 14% of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP). A gross state product (GSP) is about $1.Five trillion ($1,500,000,000,000, as of 2004), making it greater than that of each other U.S. state, and most countries in the world (by Purchasing Power Parity).

A predominant industry, supplementary than twice when big when a next, is agriculture, (including fruit, vegetables, dairy, and wine). This is followed by aerospace; entertainment, primarily television by dollar volume, although numerous movies are still manufactured inside California; & weak manufacturing including computer hardware and software, and a mining of borax.

By the capita private income wwhen $33,403 as of 2003, ranking Dozen^th in the united states. By the capita income varies widely by geographic area & profession. A Central Valley has a virtually all extreme contrasts of income, by having migrant farm workers making less than minimum wage. When a few coastal cities include a few of the flush by the-capita areas in the U.S., notably San Francisco and Marin County, the non-agricultural central counties have a bit of of the greatest impoverishment rates in the U.S. A high-technology sectors inside Northern California, specifically Silicon Valley, in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, are currently emerging from either economic downswing from either a dot.com bust, which caused the loss of over 250,000 jobs in Northern California alone. Recent (Spring 2005) [http://uclaforecast.com economic data] indicates that economic incubation has resumed inside California, although however slightly in a image below the national annualized prognosis of Ternion.9%. A international boom inside housing price levels has been virtually all pronounced around California, by owning a median property price inside a state rising to all about the half-million dollar mark in April 2005.

Demographics
Population

When of 2004 Californithe experienced a people of 35,893,799. A state got 9,400,000 foreign-nonnative residents (Twenty-six.5% of the people), of which an judged 2,209,000 were illegal aliens (illegal aliens accounted for about 1-for of the foreign-nonnative people & Hexad.2% of the amount state people).

California is the virtually all thickly settled state—supplementary than Twelve percent of Americans sleep in a state. California's people is big than nearly 33 countries; thomas more populated than Canada and Australia.

Racial and Ancestral Makeup

A Census Bureau considers race and Hispanic origin to be deuce separate categories. Hispanics must non lone choose "Hispanic"; it must besides choose the race like White or even even Asian, or, just "some other race." This makes rendering Nose count information hard. So, for a sake of simplicity, the information following does assume Hispanic origin to exist as its have category. It so shows just non-Hispanic members of every class action: non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Eskimos, non-Hispanic humans of ii or extra races, etc. For extra data in race & a Nose count, understand [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_%28U.S._Census%29 here].

	2000 Census [http://www.census.gov/popest/states/asrh/tables/SC-EST2003-03/SC-EST2003-03-28.pdf]	2003 Estimate [http://www.census.gov/popest/states/asrh/tables/SC-EST2003-03/SC-EST2003-03-28.pdf]
White	47.4%	45.2%
Hispanic/Latino	32.4%	34.3%
Asian	Eleven.0%	Eleven.4%
Black	Captain hicks.5%	Hexad.3%
Two or Additional Races	Unity.9%	Unity.9%
Native American and Inuit	Zero.5%	Zero.5%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander	Zero.3%	Cypher.3%

Californithe lacks a majority ethnic group. These are a third minority-majority state, when Hawaii and New Mexico. Non-Hispanic Whites come still the big class action, however are there are no protracted a majority of the people due to high levels of immigration inside recent years. Hispanics make up concluded a single-third of the people; sequentially, more groups come Asians, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Because of high levels of immigration from either Latin United states, especially Mexico, & higher fertility rate among the Hispanic people, Hispanics come predicted to get a majority in the state in 2040. California has a 2nd-largest Asian people (percentage-caring) of any state, Hawaii getting a largest.

A big ancestries around California come Mexican (25%), German, Irish, & Asian. Mexicans & Chicanos predominate in Southern California, a Central Valley, Salinas, & vicinity of the San Francisco Bay area. Irish & German ancestries come dominant in a eastern Sierra Nevada, a far northward, & the N Coast. San Francisco has a greatest concentration of Asians around the continental United States, using Chinese many around San Francisco, Alameda, & Santa Clara counties & Filipinos particularly many in San Mateo county.

Languages
When of 2000, Sixty.Cinque% of California residents age 5 & older speak English at home and Twenty-five.8% speak Spanish. Chinese is the third most spoken language at Deuce.6%, followed by Tagalog at 2.0% & Vietnamese at 1.3%.

Religion
A religious affiliations of the population of California: Christian – 75% Protestant – 38% Baptist – 8% Presbyterian – 3% Methodist – 2% Lutheran – 2% Other Protestant or even general Protestant – 23% Roman Catholic – 34% Other Christian – 3% Jewish – 2% Other Religions – 3% Non-Religious – 20%

When by having several more american states, a percentage of California's people identifying themselves when "non-religious" is relatively high inside relation to the rest of the U.S.

Important cities and towns
Image:Sacramento from either Riverwalk.JPG|Sacramento Image:DowntownLosAngeles.jpg|Los Angeles Image:Sandiego.jean arp.750pix.jpg|San Diego Image:Lightmatter sanfrancisco.jpg|San Francisco Image:SanJoseDowntownIMG016elf wb.jpg|San Jose Image:Long Beach, CA when asleep.jpg|Long Beach Image:La2-oakland.jpg|Oakland Image:Anaheimdland.jpg|Anaheim A state of California has 478 cities, a majority of which are then in one of a big metropolitan areas. Sixty eight percent of California's people sleep in its deuce big metropolitan areas, Greater Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Population greater than 10,000,000 (urbanized front yard) Los Angeles/Long Beach (Greater Los Angeles) Population greater than 5,000,000 (urbanized front yard) San Jose/San Francisco/Oakland (San Francisco Bay Area) Population greater than 1,000,000 (urbanized region) Fresno Orange County (usually involved in the Greater Los Angeles Area) Sacramento San Diego Population greater than 500,000 (urbanized Metropolitan area) Bakersfield Stockton Population greater than 250,000 (urbanized metropolitan area) Visalia/Tulare/Porterville (Tulare County) Modesto Salinas/Monterey (Monterey County) Santa Barbara/Goleta/Santa Maria (Santa Barbara County) Palmdale/Lancaster (Antelope Valley) Oceanside/Carlsbad/Vista (Tri-City Area) (commonly involved in the San Diego Metro Area) Indio/Palm Springs (Coachella Valley) Santa Rosa (Sonoma County) (usually involved in the San Francisco Bay Area)

For a names of significant suburban area in the above areas, understand List of urbanized areas in California (by population).

25 wealthiest places in California

Thanks to the state's right economy, certain California cities come among a wealthiest on the planet. A charted names is ranked by per capita income:

I Belvedere, California - Marin County - $113,595
Two Rancho Santa Fe, California - San Diego County - $113,132
Ternion Atherton, California - San Mateo County - $112,408
Tetrad Rolling Hills, California - Los Angeles County - $111,031
Quintet Woodside, California - San Mateo County - $104,667
Sestet Portola Valley, California - San Mateo County - $99,621
7 Newport Coast, California - Orange County - $98,770
Eight Hillsborough, California - San Mateo County - $98,643
Nine Diablo, California - Contra Costa County - $95,419
Decade Fairbanks Ranch, California - San Diego County - $94,150
Eleven Hidden Hills, California - Los Angeles County - $94,096
Twelve Los Altos Hills, California - Santa Clara County - $92,840
Xiii Tiburon, California - Marin County - $85,966
Xiv Sausalito, California - Marin County - $81,040
Xv Monte Sereno, California - Santa Clara County - $76,577
Xvi Indian Wells, California - Riverside County $76,187
Xvii Malibu, California - Los Angeles County - $74,336
Xviii Del Monte Forest, California - Monterey County - $70,609
Xix Piedmont, California - Alameda County - $70,539
Twenty Montecito, California - Santa Barbara County - $70,077
Xxi Palos Verdes Estates, California - Los Angeles County - $69,040
Twenty-two Emerald Lake Hills, California - San Mateo County - $68,966
Twenty-three Loyola, California - Santa Clara County - $68,730
Two dozen Blackhawk-Camino Tassajara, California - Contra Costa County - $66,972
Xxv Los Altos, California - Santa Clara County - $66,776
See complete list of California places

Note: Marin County ranks as a wealthiest county in the United States based on per capita individual income.

Education
Image:Berkeley clearing afternoon.jpg|UC Berkeley Image:Stanford campus aerial pic.jpg|Stanford Image:USC Bovard Auditorium enh.jpg|USC Image:Roycehalluc.JPG|UCLA Image:UCSD_lib1024.jpg|UCSD Image:Millikan Library.jpg|Caltech Image:Tower Hall & MDA.JPG|San José State Image:Csulb pyramid.jpg|CSU Long Beach California's public training models is supported by the unique constitutional amendment that takes 40% of state revenues to become spent in education.

A leading state university is the University of California, which employs more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in a globe & is considered one of the finest public higher-education systems in the united states. A nine general UC campuses come within Berkeley, Los Angeles, San Diego, Davis, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Irvine, Riverside, and Merced. A University of California, San Francisco, teaches only graduate health-sciences students, & a Hastings College of Law, also inside San Francisco, is one of UC's quatern school of law. A UC models is arranged to assume students from either a top Twelve.5% of college-attached students, & provide virtually all postgraduate studies & the food and drug administration. A University of California too administers federal laboratories for the Federal Department of Energy: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory.

A California State University system provides education for teachers, a trades, agriculture & industry. Using above 400,000 students, a CSU technique is the big university models in the United States. These are meant to assume virtually all college-attached high-high students, when carrying out a select few locate, especially inside applied sciences. Lower-section credit come often transferable to the University of California.

A California Community Colleges system provides vocational education, remedial education, and continuing education computer program. It awards certificates & associate. It too will bring moo section general-education courses, whose credit units come transferable to the CSU & UC systems. These are composed of 109 colleges organized into 72 dominion. the formulas serves a student people of concluded Ii.9 million.

Notable personal universities include Stanford University, the University of Southern California (USC), and a California Institute of Technology (Caltech) (which administers the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA).

California has 100s supplementary personal colleges & universities, including numerous religious & favorite-purpose institutions. This leads to numbers of unique amusement & training chance for residents. For instance, Southern Californithe, by having one of a greatest densities of post-secondary institutions within the globe, has a super big base of classically trained singer that compete in big choir festivals. Touching Los Angeles, there are many art & film institutes, including a CalArts Institute.

Public secondary education consists of highschool that teach elective around trades, languages & liberal arts by owning tracks for talented, college-attached & industrial arts students. It assume students from either about age 14 to 18, by owning required education ceasing at age Sixteen. Inside numbers of dominion, junior even high school schools or lycee teach electives by owning the heavy skills-depending programme, for ages from either 11 to 13. Simple schools teach pure skills, history & social studies, sustaining optional half-day kindergartens beginning at age Quintuplet. Compulsory good-whale instruction begins at age Sise.

A elementary school come of varying effectiveness. A quality of a local schools depends strongly on the local revenue enhancement base, & the size of the local administration. Within the select few regions, administrative costs divert a important total of training monies from either instructional purposes. Within unfortunate regions, literacy rates could fall in the image below 70%. the single tool it whole keep close at hand inside park occurs as state mandate to teach quaternary grade students just about a history of California, including a role of the early missions; virtually all schools implement this by requiring students complete a multiple medium project.

Sports

National Football League

Oakland Raiders San Diego Chargers San Francisco 49ers

Major League Baseball

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Los Angeles Dodgers Oakland A's San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants

National Basketball Association

Golden State Warriors Los Angeles Clippers Los Angeles Lakers Sacramento Kings

National Hockey League

Anaheim Mighty Ducks Los Angeles Kings San Jose Sharks

Major League Soccer

Club Deportivo Chivas USA Los Angeles Galaxy San Jose Earthquakes

'''Women's National Basketball Association

Los Angeles Sparks Sacramento Monarchs

Arena Football League'''

Los Angeles Avengers San Jose Sabercats

Transportation

. Virtually all California main road are non toll roads.

When for air travel, Los Angeles International Airport and San Francisco International Airport are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. There are just about the xii crucial commercial airports and numerous additional general aviation airports throughout the state's 58 counties.

California as well has many significant seaports. A jumbo harbor complex formed per Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern Californithe is the largest in the united states & responsible treating just about a for of everthing container load traffic in the United States. A Port of Oakland handles most of the ocean containers passing across Northern California.

Intercity rail travel is provided by Amtrak. Los Angeles & San Francisco two use rapid rail/subway networks, in addition to light rail. San Jose & Sacramento keep close at hand exclusively lightly rail. Metrolink commuter rail serves much of Southern California, & Caltrain commuter rail connects San Jose to San Francisco. Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) connects Tracy, Livermore and other edge cities by having Silicon Valley. San Diego has Trolley light rail and Coaster commuter rail services. 100% counties work bus lines, & numerous cities work their have bus and lightly railway line besides.

Two Greyhound and Amtrak provide intercity bus service.

A chop-chop growing people of the state is straining a lot of its transport networks. a regularly recurring issue withinside California politics is whether the state should prove my point to sharply expand its superhighway network or even concentrate in improving mass transit networks in populated area.